Summary
Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed.
This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6, which fix the issue.
Impact
Affected versions
Security releases
Kodem intelligence
Severity tells you how bad this could be in the worst case. It does not tell you whether you are exposed. Exploitability and impact are functions of runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A vulnerable package can sit in your dependency tree and never run.
Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter. Kodem's runtime-powered SCA identifies whether this CVE is reachable in your applications.
Remediation advice
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina to 9.0.104 or later; org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina to 10.1.40 or later; org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina to 11.0.6 or later; org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to 9.0.104 or later; org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to 10.1.40 or later; org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to 11.0.6 or later
Kodem Kai can prioritize this vulnerability in your dependency tree and generate a fix recommendation.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is CVE-2025-31651? CVE-2025-31651 is a low-severity security vulnerability in org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina (maven), affecting versions >= 9.0.76, <= 9.0.102. It is fixed in 9.0.104, 10.1.40, 11.0.6.
- Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-31651?
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina(maven) (versions >= 9.0.76, <= 9.0.102)org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core(maven) (versions >= 9.0.76, <= 9.0.102)
- Is there a fix for CVE-2025-31651? Yes. CVE-2025-31651 is fixed in 9.0.104, 10.1.40, 11.0.6. Upgrade to this version or later.
- Is CVE-2025-31651 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2025-31651 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
- What actually determines whether CVE-2025-31651 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
- How do I fix CVE-2025-31651?
- Upgrade
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinato 9.0.104 or later - Upgrade
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinato 10.1.40 or later - Upgrade
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalinato 11.0.6 or later - Upgrade
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-coreto 9.0.104 or later - Upgrade
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-coreto 10.1.40 or later - Upgrade
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-coreto 11.0.6 or later
- Upgrade