CVE-2025-53534

• When an attacker obtains the backend login path of RatPanel (including but not limited to weak default paths, brute-force cracking, etc.), they can execute system commands or take over hosts managed by the panel without logging in.
• In addition to this remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability, the flawed code also leads to unauthorized access.

Details

In Go, r.URL.Path retrieves the part of the URL that comes after the port and before the query parameters or anchor symbols. For example, in the URL http://localhost:8080/api/ws/ssh?id=1, the retrieved path would be /api/ws/ssh.

However, if the request is made to http://localhost:8080//api/ws/ssh?id=1, the parsed r.URL.Path would be //api/ws/ssh.

RatPanel uses the CleanPath middleware provided by github.com/go-chi/chi package to clean URLs, The route path inside the chi router will be cleaned to /api/ws/ssh, but this middleware does not process r.URL.Path, so the path is still //api/ws/ssh.

In the must_login middleware, RatPanel uses r.URL.Path to match the hard-coded prefix whitelist, because /api/ws does not match //api/ws. The must_login middleware will allow the request, but //api/ws has been cleaned to /api/ws in the chi router. This inconsistency leads to authentication bypass and accessing the dangerous interfaces such as /api/ws/exec and /api/ws/ssh.

But there are some limitations. Before exploiting this interface, the attacker must first identify the correct backend address of ratpanel to activate session legitimacy, specifically, to ensure sess.Put("verify_entrance", true). That said, accessing /api/ws only requires activating the session and does not require completing further authentication or login steps. Therefore, this is assessed to be a remotely exploitable command execution vulnerability with moderate severity.

PoC

I first carried session=......, accessed the backend login page normally (without completing the authentication process), activated the session, and then used the _wsdump.py script provided by the Python websocket-client library to complete the authentication and exploit the vulnerability.

Because of the authorization code

// internal/http/middleware/must_login.go
if slices.Contains(whiteList, r.URL.Path) || !strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, "/api") {
    next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
    return
}

This vulnerability affects the authorization mechanism across all APIs, for example

This authentication vulnerability appears to affect versions v2.3.19 to v2.5.5.

Data packet

GET //api/...... HTTP/2
Host: IP:PORT
Cookie: session=XXXXXX
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8
Connection: close

python _wsdump.py wss://ip:port//api/ws/exec --headers "Cookie: session=xxxxxx" -n