CVE-2026-44437

Description

A vulnerability exists in the X-Forwarded-Prefix header processing logic within Angular SSR. The internal validation mechanism fails to properly account for URL-encoded characters, specifically dots (%2e%2e). This allows an attacker to bypass security filters by injecting encoded path traversal sequences that are later decoded and utilized by the application logic.
When an Angular SSR application is configured to trust proxy headers and is deployed behind a proxy that forwards the X-Forwarded-Prefix header without prior sanitization, an attacker can provide a payload such as /%2e%2e/evil.

The vulnerability manifests in two ways:

• Open Redirect: The application processes a redirect (e.g., router redirectTo). The decoded traversal payload manipulates the Location header, forcing the browser to an unintended path or external domain.
• Server-Side Request Steering: The manipulated prefix is used as the base path for server-side HttpClient requests. This causes the server to make requests to unintended internal paths or external endpoints.

Attack Preconditions

• The application must use Angular SSR.
• The application must perform internal redirects or use relative URLs in server-side HttpClient requests.
• The upstream infrastructure (Reverse Proxy/CDN) must pass the X-Forwarded-Prefix header to the SSR process without stripping or sanitizing it.

Workarounds

Until the patch is applied, developers should manually sanitize the X-Forwarded-Prefix header in their server.ts. The workaround involves decoding the component to catch encoded traversal attempts before normalization:

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  let prefix = req.headers['x-forwarded-prefix'];
  if (Array.isArray(prefix)) prefix = prefix[0];

  if (prefix) {
    try {
      // Decode the prefix to catch encoded characters like %2e (dots)
      const decodedPrefix = decodeURIComponent(prefix);
      
      // Sanitize: remove traversal attempts and ensure a safe leading slash
      req.headers['x-forwarded-prefix'] = decodedPrefix
        .replace(/\.\./g, '')       // Remove any dot-dot sequences
        .replace(/^[/\\]+/, '/');   // Ensure it starts with exactly one slash
    } catch (e) {
      // If decoding fails, remove the potentially malicious header entirely
      delete req.headers['x-forwarded-prefix'];
    }
  }
  next();
});

Configuring Trusted Proxy Headers

By default, Angular ignores all X-Forwarded-* headers. If your application is behind a trusted reverse proxy (like a load balancer) that sets these headers, you can configure Angular to trust them.
You can configure trustProxyHeaders when initializing the application engine:

const appEngine = new AngularAppEngine({
  // Trust specific headers
  trustProxyHeaders: ['x-forwarded-host', 'x-forwarded-proto', 'x-forwarded-prefix'], 
});

const nodeAppEngine = new AngularNodeAppEngine({
  // Trust all X-Forwarded-* headers
  trustProxyHeaders: true, 
});

Resources

• https://github.com/angular/angular-cli/pull/33031
• https://angular.dev/best-practices/security#configuring-trusted-proxy-headers

Input manipulates file paths to reach files outside the intended directory, such as configuration or credential files. Typical impact: unauthorized file read or write outside the intended directory.

Kodem intelligence

• 22.0.0-next.7
• 21.2.9
• 20.3.25
• 19.2.25

1. What is CVE-2026-44437? CVE-2026-44437 is a medium-severity path traversal vulnerability in @angular/ssr (npm), affecting versions >= 22.0.0-next.0, < 22.0.0-next.7. It is fixed in 22.0.0-next.7, 21.2.9, 20.3.25, 19.2.25. Input manipulates file paths to reach files outside the intended directory, such as configuration or credential files.
2. Which versions of @angular/ssr are affected by CVE-2026-44437? @angular/ssr (npm) versions >= 22.0.0-next.0, < 22.0.0-next.7 is affected.
3. Is there a fix for CVE-2026-44437? Yes. CVE-2026-44437 is fixed in 22.0.0-next.7, 21.2.9, 20.3.25, 19.2.25. Upgrade to this version or later.
4. Is CVE-2026-44437 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2026-44437 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
5. What actually determines whether CVE-2026-44437 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
6. How do I fix CVE-2026-44437?
   • Upgrade @angular/ssr to 22.0.0-next.7 or later
   • Upgrade @angular/ssr to 21.2.9 or later
   • Upgrade @angular/ssr to 20.3.25 or later
   • Upgrade @angular/ssr to 19.2.25 or later