CVE-2026-45376

The admin organization user search uses the untrusted term value inside raw SQL ORDER BY expressions. Because the value is interpolated before Rails sanitization is applied, a crafted search string is executed by PostgreSQL as part of the sort expression.

Technical description

The vulnerable endpoint is exposed as GET /admin/organization/users in decidim-admin/config/routes.rb:

resource :organization, only: [:edit, :update], controller: "organization" do
  member do
    get :users
  end
end

That route reaches Decidim::Admin::OrganizationController#users, which forwards the current organization's available users into search:

def users
  search(current_organization.users.available)
end

Inside search, the attacker-controlled source is params[:term]:

if (term = params[:term].to_s).present?

The query has two branches. In both branches, the WHERE predicates use bind parameters and are not the injection sink. The vulnerability is in the subsequent .order(Arel.sql(...)) calls, where the untrusted value is interpolated directly into SQL string literals.

Nickname branch:

nickname = term.delete("@")
relation.where("nickname LIKE ?", "#{nickname}%")
  .order(Arel.sql(ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize_sql_array("similarity(nickname, '#{nickname}') DESC")))

Name/email branch:

relation.where("name ILIKE ?", "%#{term}%").or(
  relation.where("email ILIKE ?", "%#{term}%")
)
  .order(Arel.sql(ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize_sql_array("GREATEST(similarity(name, '#{term}'), similarity(email, '#{term}')) DESC")))
  .order(Arel.sql(ActiveRecord::Base.sanitize_sql_array("(similarity(name, '#{term}') + similarity(email, '#{term}')) / 2 DESC")))

This use of sanitize_sql_array does not make the code safe. The interpolation happens first, so Rails receives an already-built SQL string rather than a statement with bind placeholders. As a result, a quote in term can terminate the intended string literal and inject attacker-controlled SQL into the ORDER BY expression.

For example, a payload such as slpleak '), COALESCE((SELECT 1 FROM pg_sleep(21)),0)) -- produces a fragment equivalent to:

GREATEST(similarity(name, 'slpleak '), COALESCE((SELECT 1 FROM pg_sleep(21)),0)) --'), similarity(email, 'slpleak '), COALESCE((SELECT 1 FROM pg_sleep(21)),0)) --')) DESC

The injected subquery is therefore evaluated by PostgreSQL as SQL, not treated purely as data. Because the sink is in ORDER BY, the endpoint can still return a normal 200 OK response while exposing the issue through measurable timing differences.

Source-to-sink chain:

• Source: params[:term]
• Propagation: term = params[:term].to_s
• Sink: .order(Arel.sql(... "#{term}" ...)) and .order(Arel.sql(... "#{nickname}" ...))
• Effect: attacker-controlled SQL is executed inside the database sort expression

Reproduction steps:

1. Authenticate as an organization admin.
2. Ensure the search returns at least one row for the chosen payload. For a deterministic test, create a temporary
   user whose name, email, or nickname matches the probe string.
3. Send a control request to GET /admin/organization/users?term=test with Accept: application/json and record the response time.
4. Send a payload request such as GET /admin/organization/users?term=slpleak%20%27%29%2C%20COALESCE%28%28SELECT%201%20FROM%20pg_sleep%2821%29%29%2C0%29%29%20-- with Accept: application/json.
5. Observe that the endpoint still responds successfully, but the response time increases by approximately the sleep
   interval, demonstrating time-based SQL execution in the ORDER BY clause.

Workarounds

Review your administrator accesses and not give access to untrustworthy users

Reference

OWASP SQL Injection

Credits

This issue was discovered in a security audit organized by the Decidim Association and made by Radically Open Security against Decidim financed by NGI.