GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J

GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J is a medium-severity use after free vulnerability in nokogiri (rubygems), affecting versions >= 1.16.0, < 1.16.2. It is fixed in 1.16.2, 1.15.6.

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Summary

Nokogiri update packaged libxml2 to v2.12.5 to resolve CVE-2024-25062

Nokogiri upgrades its dependency libxml2 as follows:

  • Nokogiri v1.15.6 upgrades libxml2 to 2.11.7 from 2.11.6
  • Nokogiri v1.16.2 upgrades libxml2 to 2.12.5 from 2.12.4

libxml2 v2.11.7 and v2.12.5 address the following vulnerability:

Please note that this advisory only applies to the CRuby implementation of Nokogiri, and only if the packaged libraries are being used. If you've overridden defaults at installation time to use system libraries instead of packaged libraries, you should instead pay attention to your distro's libxml2 release announcements.

JRuby users are not affected.

Mitigation

Upgrade to Nokogiri ~> 1.15.6 or >= 1.16.2.

Users who are unable to upgrade Nokogiri may also choose a more complicated mitigation: compile
and link Nokogiri against patched external libxml2 libraries which will also address these same
issues.

Timeline

  • 2024-02-04 10:35 EST - this GHSA is drafted without complete details about when the upstream issue was introduced; a request is made of libxml2 maintainers for more detailed information
  • 2024-02-04 10:48 EST - updated GHSA to reflect libxml2 maintainers' confirmation of affected versions
  • 2024-02-04 11:54 EST - v1.16.2 published, this GHSA made public
  • 2024-02-05 10:18 EST - updated with MITRE link to the CVE information, and updated "Impact" section
  • 2024-03-16 09:03 EDT - v1.15.6 published (see discussion at https://github.com/sparklemotion/nokogiri/discussions/3146), updated mitigation information
  • 2024-03-18 22:12 EDT - update "affected products" range with v1.15.6 information

Impact

From the CVE description, this issue applies to the xmlTextReader module (which underlies Nokogiri::XML::Reader):

When using the XML Reader interface with DTD validation and XInclude expansion enabled, processing crafted XML documents can lead to an xmlValidatePopElement use-after-free.

Memory is accessed after it has been freed, leading to undefined behavior in native code. Typical impact: memory corruption, crash, or potential code execution.

Affected versions

nokogiri (>= 1.16.0, < 1.16.2) nokogiri (< 1.15.6)

Security releases

nokogiri → 1.16.2 (rubygems) nokogiri → 1.15.6 (rubygems)

Kodem intelligence

Severity tells you how bad this could be in the worst case. It does not tell you whether you are exposed. Exploitability and impact are functions of runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A vulnerable package can sit in your dependency tree and never run.

Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter. Kodem's runtime-powered SCA identifies whether this CVE is reachable in your applications.

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Remediation advice

Upgrade the following packages to resolve this vulnerability:

nokogiri to 1.16.2 or later; nokogiri to 1.15.6 or later

Kodem Kai can prioritize this vulnerability in your dependency tree and generate a fix recommendation.

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What is GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J? GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J is a medium-severity use after free vulnerability in nokogiri (rubygems), affecting versions >= 1.16.0, < 1.16.2. It is fixed in 1.16.2, 1.15.6. Memory is accessed after it has been freed, leading to undefined behavior in native code.
  2. Which versions of nokogiri are affected by GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J? nokogiri (rubygems) versions >= 1.16.0, < 1.16.2 is affected.
  3. Is there a fix for GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J? Yes. GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J is fixed in 1.16.2, 1.15.6. Upgrade to this version or later.
  4. Is GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
  5. What actually determines whether GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
  6. How do I fix GHSA-XC9X-JJ77-9P9J?
    • Upgrade nokogiri to 1.16.2 or later
    • Upgrade nokogiri to 1.15.6 or later

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