Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: don't use...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
btrfs: don't use btrfs_set_item_key_safe on RAID stripe-extents
Don't use btrfs_set_item_key_safe() to modify the keys in the RAID
stripe-tree, as this can lead to corruption of the tree, which is caught
by the checks in btrfs_set_item_key_safe():
BTRFS info (device nvme1n1): leaf 49168384 gen 15 total ptrs 194 free space 8329 owner 12
BTRFS info (device nvme1n1): refs 2 lock_owner 1030 current 1030
[ snip ]
item 105 key (354549760 230 20480) itemoff 14587 itemsize 16
stride 0 devid 5 physical 67502080
item 106 key (354631680 230 4096) itemoff 14571 itemsize 16
stride 0 devid 1 physical 88559616
item 107 key (354631680 230 32768) itemoff 14555 itemsize 16
stride 0 devid 1 physical 88555520
item 108 key (354717696 230 28672) itemoff 14539 itemsize 16
stride 0 devid 2 physical 67604480
[ snip ]
BTRFS critical (device nvme1n1): slot 106 key (354631680 230 32768) new key (354635776 230 4096)
------------[ cut here ]------------
kernel BUG at fs/btrfs/ctree.c:2602!
Oops: invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 1055 Comm: fsstress Not tainted 6.13.0-rc1+ #1464
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.2-3-gd478f380-rebuilt.opensuse.org 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:btrfs_set_item_key_safe+0xf7/0x270
Code:
RSP: 0018:ffffc90001337ab0 EFLAGS: 00010287
RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff8881115fd000 RCX: 0000000000000000
RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 00000000ffffffff
RBP: ffff888110ed6f50 R08: 00000000ffffefff R09: ffffffff8244c500
R10: 00000000ffffefff R11: 00000000ffffffff R12: ffff888100586000
R13: 00000000000000c9 R14: ffffc90001337b1f R15: ffff888110f23b58
FS: 00007f7d75c72740(0000) GS:ffff88813bd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 00007fa811652c60 CR3: 0000000111398001 CR4: 0000000000370eb0
Call Trace:
? __die_body.cold+0x14/0x1a
? die+0x2e/0x50
? do_trap+0xca/0x110
? do_error_trap+0x65/0x80
? btrfs_set_item_key_safe+0xf7/0x270
? exc_invalid_op+0x50/0x70
? btrfs_set_item_key_safe+0xf7/0x270
? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x1a/0x20
? btrfs_set_item_key_safe+0xf7/0x270
btrfs_partially_delete_raid_extent+0xc4/0xe0
btrfs_delete_raid_extent+0x227/0x240
__btrfs_free_extent.isra.0+0x57f/0x9c0
? exc_coproc_segment_overrun+0x40/0x40
__btrfs_run_delayed_refs+0x2fa/0xe80
btrfs_run_delayed_refs+0x81/0xe0
btrfs_commit_transaction+0x2dd/0xbe0
? preempt_count_add+0x52/0xb0
btrfs_sync_file+0x375/0x4c0
do_fsync+0x39/0x70
__x64_sys_fsync+0x13/0x20
do_syscall_64+0x54/0x110
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
RIP: 0033:0x7f7d7550ef90
Code:
RSP: 002b:00007ffd70237248 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000004a
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000004 RCX: 00007f7d7550ef90
RDX: 000000000000013a RSI: 000000000040eb28 RDI: 0000000000000004
RBP: 000000000000001b R08: 0000000000000078 R09: 00007ffd7023725c
R10: 00007f7d75400390 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 028f5c28f5c28f5c
R13: 8f5c28f5c28f5c29 R14: 000000000040b520 R15: 00007f7d75c726c8
While the root cause of the tree order corruption isn't clear, using
btrfs_duplicate_item() to copy the item and then adjusting both the key
and the per-device physical addresses is a safe way to counter this
problem.
Impact
CVE-2025-21752 has a CVSS score of 5.5 (Medium). The vector is requires local access, low privileges required, and no user interaction. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. No fixed version is listed yet, so configuration controls and monitoring matter more in the interim.
Affected versions
Security releases
Kodem intelligence
Severity tells you how bad this could be in the worst case. It does not tell you whether you are exposed. Exploitability and impact are functions of runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A vulnerable package can sit in your dependency tree and never run.
Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter. Kodem's runtime-powered SCA identifies whether this CVE is reachable in your applications.
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Frequently Asked Questions
- What is CVE-2025-21752? CVE-2025-21752 is a medium-severity security vulnerability. No fixed version is listed yet.
- How severe is CVE-2025-21752? CVE-2025-21752 has a CVSS score of 5.5 (Medium). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
- Is there a fix for CVE-2025-21752? No fixed version is listed for CVE-2025-21752 yet. Monitor the advisory for updates and apply mitigations in the interim.
- Is CVE-2025-21752 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2025-21752 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
- What actually determines whether CVE-2025-21752 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.