Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: LoongArch: BPF: Sign-extend...
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
LoongArch: BPF: Sign-extend struct ops return values properly
The ns_bpf_qdisc selftest triggers a kernel panic:
Oops[#1]:
CPU 0 Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 0000000000741d58, era == 90000000851b5ac0, ra == 90000000851b5aa4
CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 449 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G OE 6.16.0+ #3 PREEMPT(full)
Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022
pc 90000000851b5ac0 ra 90000000851b5aa4 tp 90000001076b8000 sp 90000001076bb600
a0 0000000000741ce8 a1 0000000000000001 a2 90000001076bb5c0 a3 0000000000000008
a4 90000001004c4620 a5 9000000100741ce8 a6 0000000000000000 a7 0100000000000000
t0 0000000000000010 t1 0000000000000000 t2 9000000104d24d30 t3 0000000000000001
t4 4f2317da8a7e08c4 t5 fffffefffc002f00 t6 90000001004c4620 t7 ffffffffc61c5b3d
t8 0000000000000000 u0 0000000000000001 s9 0000000000000050 s0 90000001075bc800
s1 0000000000000040 s2 900000010597c400 s3 0000000000000008 s4 90000001075bc880
s5 90000001075bc8f0 s6 0000000000000000 s7 0000000000741ce8 s8 0000000000000000
ra: 90000000851b5aa4 __qdisc_run+0xac/0x8d8
ERA: 90000000851b5ac0 __qdisc_run+0xc8/0x8d8
CRMD: 000000b0 (PLV0 -IE -DA +PG DACF=CC DACM=CC -WE)
PRMD: 00000004 (PPLV0 +PIE -PWE)
EUEN: 00000007 (+FPE +SXE +ASXE -BTE)
ECFG: 00071c1d (LIE=0,2-4,10-12 VS=7)
ESTAT: 00010000 [PIL] (IS= ECode=1 EsubCode=0)
BADV: 0000000000741d58
PRID: 0014c010 (Loongson-64bit, Loongson-3A5000)
Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE) [last unloaded: bpf_testmod(OE)]
Process test_progs (pid: 449, threadinfo=000000009af02b3a, task=00000000e9ba4956)
Stack : 0000000000000000 90000001075bc8ac 90000000869524a8 9000000100741ce8
90000001075bc800 9000000100415300 90000001075bc8ac 0000000000000000
900000010597c400 900000008694a000 0000000000000000 9000000105b59000
90000001075bc800 9000000100741ce8 0000000000000050 900000008513000c
9000000086936000 0000000100094d4c fffffff400676208 0000000000000000
9000000105b59000 900000008694a000 9000000086bf0dc0 9000000105b59000
9000000086bf0d68 9000000085147010 90000001075be788 0000000000000000
9000000086bf0f98 0000000000000001 0000000000000010 9000000006015840
0000000000000000 9000000086be6c40 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 4f2317da8a7e08c4 0000000000000101 4f2317da8a7e08c4
...
Call Trace:
[<90000000851b5ac0>] __qdisc_run+0xc8/0x8d8
[<9000000085130008>] __dev_queue_xmit+0x578/0x10f0
[<90000000853701c0>] ip6_finish_output2+0x2f0/0x950
[<9000000085374bc8>] ip6_finish_output+0x2b8/0x448
[<9000000085370b24>] ip6_xmit+0x304/0x858
[<90000000853c4438>] inet6_csk_xmit+0x100/0x170
[<90000000852b32f0>] __tcp_transmit_skb+0x490/0xdd0
[<90000000852b47fc>] tcp_connect+0xbcc/0x1168
[<90000000853b9088>] tcp_v6_connect+0x580/0x8a0
[<90000000852e7738>] __inet_stream_connect+0x170/0x480
[<90000000852e7a98>] inet_stream_connect+0x50/0x88
[<90000000850f2814>] __sys_connect+0xe4/0x110
[<90000000850f2858>] sys_connect+0x18/0x28
[<9000000085520c94>] do_syscall+0x94/0x1a0
[<9000000083df1fb8>] handle_syscall+0xb8/0x158
Code: 4001ad80 2400873f 2400832d <240073cc> 001137ff 001133ff 6407b41f 001503cc 0280041d
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
The bpf_fifo_dequeue prog returns a skb which is a pointer. The pointer
is treated as a 32bit value and sign extend to 64bit in epilogue. This
behavior is right for most bpf prog types but wrong for struct ops which
requires LoongArch ABI.
So let's sign extend struct ops return values according to the LoongArch
ABI (1) and return value spec in function model.
Impact
CVE-2025-40041 has a CVSS score of 7.8 (High). The vector is requires local access, low privileges required, and no user interaction. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. No fixed version is listed yet, so configuration controls and monitoring matter more in the interim.
Affected versions
Security releases
Kodem intelligence
Severity tells you how bad this could be in the worst case. It does not tell you whether you are exposed. Exploitability and impact are functions of runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A vulnerable package can sit in your dependency tree and never run.
Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter. Kodem's runtime-powered SCA identifies whether this CVE is reachable in your applications.
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Frequently Asked Questions
- What is CVE-2025-40041? CVE-2025-40041 is a high-severity security vulnerability. No fixed version is listed yet.
- How severe is CVE-2025-40041? CVE-2025-40041 has a CVSS score of 7.8 (High). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
- Is there a fix for CVE-2025-40041? No fixed version is listed for CVE-2025-40041 yet. Monitor the advisory for updates and apply mitigations in the interim.
- Is CVE-2025-40041 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2025-40041 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
- What actually determines whether CVE-2025-40041 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.