GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q

PraisonAI LinearBot processes unsigned webhooks when LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET is missing

PraisonAI's LinearBot starts a public webhook listener on 0.0.0.0 and treats
LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET as optional. When the secret is absent, startup only logs
a warning and _handle_webhook() skips Linear-Signature verification entirely.

An unauthenticated network caller who can reach the webhook endpoint can submit
a forged Linear-Event: AgentSession request. The forged request is parsed,
scheduled for background processing, dispatched to _handle_agent_session(),
and passed into BotSessionManager.chat(). The bot then attempts to post the
agent response back to Linear under the configured bot token.

The local PoV is offline and deterministic. It does not contact Linear. It calls
the webhook handler directly, monkey-patches the outbound Linear comment path,
and proves both sides of the boundary:

• no secret configured: unsigned forged webhook returns 200, invokes the
  agent session path once, and attempts one Linear comment;
• secret configured: missing and bad signatures both return 401 and do not
  invoke the agent;
• secret configured with valid HMAC: request returns 200 and invokes the
  agent, proving the control path still works.

Affected Product

• Repository: MervinPraison/PraisonAI
• Package: praisonai
• Components:
  • src/praisonai/praisonai/bots/linear.py
  • src/praisonai/praisonai/cli/features/bots_cli.py

Validated affected:

• live main / latest observed release v4.6.58:
  1ad58ca02975ff1398efeda694ea2ab78f20cf3e
• previous local current checkout:
  2f9677abb2ea68eab864ee8b6a828fd0141612e1
• v4.6.57
• v4.6.56
• v4.5.50

Sampled tags where the LinearBot component was not present:

• v4.5.49
• v4.5.51
• v4.6.9
• v4.6.10

Suggested affected range: LinearBot-bearing releases with the fail-open
signature behavior, at least 4.5.50 and >= 4.6.56, <= 4.6.58. The
component appears non-contiguously in sampled tags, so maintainers should
confirm the exact packaged version history before publishing a final range.

Root Cause

LinearBot.__init__() accepts an empty signing secret and falls back to an
empty environment value:

self._signing_secret = signing_secret or os.environ.get("LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET", "")

start() treats the missing secret as a warning instead of refusing to expose
the webhook listener:

if not self._signing_secret:
    logger.warning("LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET not set - webhook signatures will not be verified")

self._site = web.TCPSite(self._runner, "0.0.0.0", self._webhook_port)

_handle_webhook() only verifies the request if the secret is truthy:

if self._signing_secret:
    signature = request.headers.get("Linear-Signature", "")
    if not self._verify_signature(raw_body, signature):
        return web.Response(status=401, text="Invalid signature")

With no secret configured, the code continues to JSON parsing, accepts a caller
supplied webhookTimestamp, reads the caller supplied Linear-Event header,
and schedules processing:

event_type = request.headers.get("Linear-Event", "")
task = asyncio.create_task(self._process_webhook(event_type, body))
return web.Response(status=200, text="OK")

For AgentSession, the forged body is routed to the agent:

if event_type == "AgentSession":
    await self._handle_agent_session(body)
...
response = await self._session_mgr.chat(self._agent, user_id, message.content)
await self._send_comment(...)

The CLI has the same fail-open posture: start_linear() loads
LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET, prints a warning when it is missing, then reports a
public http://0.0.0.0:<port>/webhook endpoint with verification disabled.

Why This Is Not Intended Behavior

PraisonAI's Linear Bot documentation tells operators to set
LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET, pass it to praisonai bot linear, copy the Linear
webhook signing secret, and use it for HMAC-SHA256 verification. The same page
says missing secrets disable signature verification, while its best-practices
section says webhook secrets ensure authenticity.

Linear's webhook documentation says receivers should ensure requests were sent
by Linear by verifying the Linear-Signature HMAC over the raw body, then
checking that webhookTimestamp is recent. The timestamp check alone is not an
authentication boundary because an attacker can supply a current timestamp in a
forged body.

The implementation itself also confirms the intended boundary: when a secret is
configured, missing and bad signatures are rejected before agent dispatch. The
bug is the missing-secret fail-open mode on a public webhook server, not the
signature algorithm.

Local PoV

Run against the latest observed release checkout:

python3 submission-bundle/praisonai-prai-cand-013-linear-webhook-signature-fail-open/poc/pov_prai_cand_013_linear_webhook_signature_fail_open.py --repo artifacts/repos/praisonai-v4.6.58

Expected output includes:

{
  "candidate": "PRAI-CAND-013",
  "ok": true,
  "cases": {
    "no_secret_unsigned_forged_webhook": {
      "http_status": 200,
      "signing_secret_configured": false,
      "session_calls": [
        {
          "user_id": "linear-system",
          "content": "Issue: Forged Linear AgentSession event\n\nPRAI-CAND-013 local forged webhook payload"
        }
      ],
      "sent_comments": [
        {
          "issue_id": "issue-prai-cand-013",
          "comment": "agent response",
          "session_id": "prai-cand-013-session"
        }
      ]
    },
    "secret_missing_signature_control": {
      "http_status": 401,
      "session_calls": []
    },
    "secret_bad_signature_control": {
      "http_status": 401,
      "session_calls": []
    },
    "secret_valid_signature_control": {
      "http_status": 200,
      "session_calls": [
        {
          "user_id": "linear-system"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Stored evidence:

• evidence/pov-v4.6.58.json
• evidence/pov-live-main-v4.6.58.json
• evidence/pov-current-head.json
• evidence/version-sweep.tsv

If a PraisonAI operator starts LinearBot with a Linear token but omits
LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET, any network caller that can reach the webhook endpoint
can spoof Linear webhook events and invoke the configured agent through the
Linear integration.

For the AgentSession event path, this lets the attacker supply issue title and
description content that becomes the agent input. Depending on the configured
agent and tools, this can cause unauthorized LLM/tool execution, consume paid
model quota, create or update Linear comments under the bot identity, and drive
the bot into workflows intended only for authenticated Linear events.

This report does not claim arbitrary code execution by default. The concrete
boundary crossed is unauthenticated remote agent invocation through a forged
Linear webhook.

The application does not adequately verify the identity of a user, device, or process before granting access. Typical impact: unauthorized access to functions or data reserved for authenticated parties.

GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q has a CVSS score of 8.6 (High). The vector is network-reachable, no privileges required, and no user interaction. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. A fixed version is available (4.6.59); upgrading removes the vulnerable code path.

Kodem intelligence

Fail closed for public webhook listeners:

1. Refuse to start LinearBot when LINEAR_WEBHOOK_SECRET is missing, unless an
   explicit development-only option such as
   --insecure-skip-webhook-signature-verification is provided.
2. In _handle_webhook(), reject requests when no signing secret is configured
   instead of silently skipping verification.
3. Preserve raw-body HMAC verification and constant-time comparison for the
   configured-secret path.
4. Treat timestamp freshness as replay protection after signature validation,
   not as a replacement for authentication.
5. Prefer loopback binding by default, or require an explicit host flag for
   public binding.
6. Add regression tests:
   • no signing secret rejects startup or rejects webhook requests;
   • missing signature with a configured secret returns 401;
   • invalid signature with a configured secret returns 401;
   • valid HMAC with a configured secret returns success;
   • stale timestamp after valid HMAC returns 401;
   • the CLI does not advertise a public unauthenticated webhook by default.

1. What is GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q? GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q is a high-severity improper authentication vulnerability in praisonai (pip), affecting versions >= 4.6.56, <= 4.6.58. It is fixed in 4.6.59. The application does not adequately verify the identity of a user, device, or process before granting access.
2. How severe is GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q? GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q has a CVSS score of 8.6 (High). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
3. Which versions of praisonai are affected by GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q? praisonai (pip) versions >= 4.6.56, <= 4.6.58 is affected.
4. Is there a fix for GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q? Yes. GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q is fixed in 4.6.59. Upgrade to this version or later.
5. Is GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
6. What actually determines whether GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
7. How do I fix GHSA-FC26-M9PF-V56Q? Upgrade praisonai to 4.6.59 or later.