CVE-2026-22819

This vulnerability allows a user i.e a free plan user to get more than the desired subdomains due to lack of db transaction lock mechanisms in https://github.com/akinloluwami/outray/blob/main/apps/web/src/routes/api/%24orgSlug/subdomains/index.ts

Details

• The affected code-:

//Race condition
        const [subscription] = await db
          .select()
          .from(subscriptions)
          .where(eq(subscriptions.organizationId, organization.id));

        const currentPlan = subscription?.plan || "free";
        const planLimits = getPlanLimits(currentPlan as any);
        const subdomainLimit = planLimits.maxSubdomains;

        const existingSubdomains = await db
          .select()
          .from(subdomains)
          .where(eq(subdomains.organizationId, organization.id));

        if (existingSubdomains.length >= subdomainLimit) {
          return json(
            {
              error: `Subdomain limit reached. The ${currentPlan} plan allows ${subdomainLimit} subdomain${subdomainLimit > 1 ? "s" : ""}.`,
            },
            { status: 403 },
          );
        }

        const existing = await db
          .select()
          .from(subdomains)
          .where(eq(subdomains.subdomain, subdomain))
          .limit(1);

        if (existing.length > 0) {
          return json({ error: "Subdomain already taken" }, { status: 409 });
        }

        const [newSubdomain] = await db
          .insert(subdomains)
          .values({
            id: crypto.randomUUID(),
            subdomain,
            organizationId: organization.id,
            userId: session.user.id,
          })
          .returning();

• The first part of the code checks the user plan and determine his/her existing_domains without locking the transaction and allowing it to run.

const existingSubdomains = await db
          .select()
          .from(subdomains)
          .where(eq(subdomains.organizationId, organization.id));

• The other part of the code checks if the desired domain is more than the limit.

if (existingSubdomains.length >= subdomainLimit) {
          return json(
            {
              error: `Subdomain limit reached. The ${currentPlan} plan allows ${subdomainLimit} subdomain${subdomainLimit > 1 ? "s" : ""}.`,
            },
            { status: 403 },
          );
        }

• Finally, it inserts the subdomain also after the whole check without locking transactions.

const [newSubdomain] = await db
          .insert(subdomains)
          .values({
            id: crypto.randomUUID(),
            subdomain,
            organizationId: organization.id,
            userId: session.user.id,
          })
          .returning();

• An attacker can exploit this by making parallel requests to the same endpoint and if the second request reads row subdomains before the INSERT statement of request one is made.It allows the attacker to act on a not yet updated row which bypasses the checks and allow the attacker to get more subdomains.For example-:

  Parallel request 1                               Parallel  Request  2    
     |                                                                     |
checks for                                                     Checks the not yet updated
available subdomain                                     row and bypasses the logic checks
and determines if it is more than limit
    |                                                                        |
Inserts subdomain and calls it a day           Also inserts the  subdomain

• The attack focuses on exploiting the race window between reading and writing the db rows.

PoC

• Intercept with Burp proxy,pass to Repeater and create multiple requests in a single batch with different subdomain names as seen below. Lastly, send the requests in parallel.

• Result-:

The vulnerability provides an infiinite supply of domains to users bypassing the need for subscription

CVE-2026-22819 has a CVSS score of 5.9 (Medium). The vector is network-reachable, low privileges required, and no user interaction. A CVSS score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether this affects your application depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable in your environment. A fixed version is available (0.1.5); upgrading removes the vulnerable code path.

Kodem intelligence

1. What is CVE-2026-22819? CVE-2026-22819 is a medium-severity security vulnerability in outray (npm), affecting versions < 0.1.5. It is fixed in 0.1.5.
2. How severe is CVE-2026-22819? CVE-2026-22819 has a CVSS score of 5.9 (Medium). This score reflects the worst-case severity of the vulnerability, not your specific exposure. Whether it represents real risk in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable.
3. Which versions of outray are affected by CVE-2026-22819? outray (npm) versions < 0.1.5 is affected.
4. Is there a fix for CVE-2026-22819? Yes. CVE-2026-22819 is fixed in 0.1.5. Upgrade to this version or later.
5. Is CVE-2026-22819 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2026-22819 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
6. What actually determines whether CVE-2026-22819 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
7. How do I fix CVE-2026-22819? Upgrade outray to 0.1.5 or later.