CVE-2026-41672

The package allows attacker-controlled comment content to be serialized into XML without validating or neutralizing comment breaking sequences. As a result, an attacker can terminate the comment early and inject arbitrary XML nodes into the serialized output.

Details

The issue is in the DOM construction and serialization flow for comment nodes.

When createComment(data) is called, the supplied string is stored as comment data through the generic character-data handling path. That content is kept as-is. Later, when the document is serialized, the serializer writes comment nodes by concatenating the XML comment delimiters with the stored node.data value directly.

That behavior is unsafe because XML comments are a syntax-sensitive context. If attacker-controlled input contains a sequence that closes the comment, the serializer does not preserve it as literal comment text. Instead, it emits output where the remainder of the payload is treated as live XML markup.

This is a real injection bug, not a formatting issue. The serializer already applies context-aware handling in other places, such as escaping text nodes and rewriting unsafe CDATA terminators. Comment content does not receive equivalent treatment. Because of that gap, untrusted data can break out of the comment boundary and modify the structure of the final XML document.

PoC

const { DOMImplementation, DOMParser, XMLSerializer } = require('@xmldom/xmldom');

const doc = new DOMImplementation().createDocument(null, 'root', null);

doc.documentElement.appendChild(
  doc.createComment('--><injected attr="1"/><!--')
);

const xml = new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(doc);
console.log(xml);
// <root><!----><injected attr="1"/><!----></root>

const reparsed = new DOMParser().parseFromString(xml, 'text/xml');
console.log(reparsed.documentElement.childNodes.item(1).nodeName);
// injected

Disclosure

This vulnerability was publicly disclosed at 2026-04-06T11:25:07Z via xmldom/xmldom#987, which was subsequently closed without being merged.

Fix Applied

⚠ Opt-in required. Protection is not automatic. Existing serialization calls remain
vulnerable unless { requireWellFormed: true } is explicitly passed. Applications that pass
untrusted data to createComment() or mutate comment nodes with untrusted input (via
appendData, insertData, replaceData, .data =, or .textContent =) should audit all
serializeToString() call sites and add the option.

XMLSerializer.serializeToString() now accepts an options object as a second argument. When { requireWellFormed: true } is passed, the serializer throws InvalidStateError before emitting a Comment node whose .data would produce malformed XML.

On @xmldom/xmldom ≥ 0.9.10, the full W3C DOM Parsing §3.2.1.4 check is applied: throws if .data contains -- anywhere, ends with -, or contains characters outside the XML Char production.

On @xmldom/xmldom ≥ 0.8.13 (LTS), only the --> injection sequence is checked. The 0.8.x SAX parser accepts comments containing -- (without >), so throwing on bare -- would break a previously-working round-trip on that branch. The --> check is sufficient to prevent injection.

PoC, fixed path

const { DOMImplementation, XMLSerializer } = require('@xmldom/xmldom');

const doc = new DOMImplementation().createDocument(null, 'root', null);
doc.documentElement.appendChild(doc.createComment('--><injected attr="1"/><!--'));

// Default (unchanged): verbatim, injection present
const unsafe = new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(doc);
console.log(unsafe);
// <root><!----><injected attr="1"/><!----></root>

// Opt-in guard: throws InvalidStateError before serializing
try {
  new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(doc, { requireWellFormed: true });
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.name, e.message);
  // InvalidStateError: The comment node data contains "--" or ends with "-"  (0.9.x)
  // InvalidStateError: The comment node data contains "-->"  (0.8.x, only --> is checked)
}

Why the default stays verbatim

The W3C DOM Parsing and Serialization spec §3.2.1.4 defines a require well-formed flag whose default value is false. With the flag unset, the spec explicitly permits serializing ill-formed comment content verbatim, this is also the behavior of browser implementations (Chrome, Firefox, Safari): new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(doc) produces the injection sequence without error in all major browsers.

Unconditionally throwing would be a behavioral breaking change with no spec justification. The opt-in requireWellFormed: true flag allows applications that require injection safety to enable strict mode without breaking existing deployments.

Residual limitation

The fix operates at serialization time only. There is no creation-time check in createComment, the spec does not require one for comment data. Any path that leads to a Comment node with -- in its data (createComment, appendData, .data =, etc.) produces a node that serializes safely only when { requireWellFormed: true } is passed to serializeToString.

An application that uses the package to build XML from untrusted input can be made to emit attacker-controlled elements outside the intended comment boundary. That allows the attacker to alter the meaning and structure of generated XML documents.

In practice, this can affect any workflow that generates XML and then stores it, forwards it, signs it, or hands it to another parser. Realistic targets include XML-based configuration, policy documents, and message formats where downstream consumers trust the serialized structure.

Kodem intelligence

1. What is CVE-2026-41672? CVE-2026-41672 is a high-severity security vulnerability in @xmldom/xmldom (npm), affecting versions < 0.8.13. It is fixed in 0.8.13, 0.9.10.
2. Which packages are affected by CVE-2026-41672?
   • @xmldom/xmldom (npm) (versions < 0.8.13)
   • xmldom (npm) (versions <= 0.6.0)
3. Is there a fix for CVE-2026-41672? Yes. CVE-2026-41672 is fixed in 0.8.13, 0.9.10. Upgrade to this version or later.
4. Is CVE-2026-41672 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2026-41672 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
5. What actually determines whether CVE-2026-41672 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
6. How do I fix CVE-2026-41672?
   • Upgrade @xmldom/xmldom to 0.8.13 or later
   • Upgrade @xmldom/xmldom to 0.9.10 or later