CVE-2026-44541

fides.js is the script that renders Fides's consent banner on customer websites. It lets the embedding page override the banner's description text at runtime via a URL query parameter, a JavaScript global, or a cookie. On sites that have opted into HTML-formatted descriptions, the overridden value is rendered as live HTML without passing through the server-side sanitiser the rendering path was designed to trust.

The result is a DOM-based XSS that any visitor can trigger with a crafted link, no authentication required. The cookie source lets the payload persist, so a single click can plant a payload that fires on every subsequent banner render across all subdomains until cookies are cleared.

Am I affected?

This vulnerability affects Fides Enterprise deployments that use fides.js for consent management, a.k.a. "Janus", and have HTML-formatted banner descriptions enabled (the FIDES_PRIVACY_CENTER__ALLOW_HTML_DESCRIPTION Privacy Center container env var set to true ). Deployments that do not load fides.js, or that leave HTML descriptions off (the default), are not affected. The vulnerable code lives in the open-source ethyca-fides PyPI package, which is why this is published as a GHSA and CVE against Fides OSS, but only Fides Enterprise consent management platform deployments exercise the affected path.

To self-test, visit any page where your site loads the consent banner, replacing <your-site>:

https://<your-site>/?fides_override_language=en&fides_description=<img src=x onerror="alert(`DOM XSS in fides_description. Origin: ${document.domain}`)">

If a browser alert() appears showing the embedding origin when the banner renders, the deployment is affected. If the banner does not auto-open, click the manage privacy preferences link to display it.

If no alert appears, the deployment is not affected via this path.

The fides_override_language=en parameter is required because experience-translation overrides only apply when the override language matches the active locale. Adjust to match the active locale on the target site if en is not it.

Details

The vulnerability is a trust gap between two features that are safe in isolation but unsafe together.

The first feature is the override mechanism. fides.js lets the embedding page replace certain banner fields at runtime by reading them from the URL, a JavaScript global, or a cookie on the page origin. The description text is one of the overrideable fields.

The second feature is HTML-formatted descriptions. When the allowHTMLDescription server-controlled flag is on, the rendering path writes the description into the DOM as live HTML rather than plain text. This mode relies on a server-side sanitiser (nh3) to clean any HTML before it reaches the client, so the rendering sink can trust its input.

Combining the two breaks the assumption. The override mechanism feeds the description directly from a client-controlled source, never reaching the server, so the sanitiser the rendering path was designed to trust never runs. On a deployment that has both features active, an attacker-supplied value travels straight from URL or cookie to the HTML sink and executes as script.

The cookie source compounds the impact. Cookies set by JavaScript on the apex domain are visible to every subdomain on subsequent loads, so a payload delivered via URL can write a fides_description cookie that fires on every later banner render across the entire site, until the cookie is cleared.

Workarounds

Set FIDES_PRIVACY_CENTER__ALLOW_HTML_DESCRIPTION=false on the Privacy Center container(s) and redeploy. The XSS sink relies on the flag being on, so turning it off makes fides.js strip HTML from the description before rendering, regardless of which source the value came from.

Severity

This vulnerability has been assigned a severity of HIGH with a CVSS v4 vector of CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N (7.0, High).

The score reflects the worst realistic exploitation path: an attacker who can plant a fides_description cookie on the target origin gets persistent script execution that fires on every visitor's banner render, with no further interaction required. Cookie-write capability is not always available to a remote attacker, and the score accounts for that as a precondition, but when it is available the impact is script execution in the embedding site's origin every time the banner or modal renders.

The more common delivery path (a crafted link the victim clicks) scores 6.3, Medium, with a vector of CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N. Per the FIRST CVSS 4.0 User Guide, library-level vulnerabilities should be scored against the "reasonable worst-case scenario", since the analyst cannot anticipate every deployment context. We publish the higher score on that basis.

The published score is the base severity of the vulnerability itself. Real-world impact on a given deployment can be higher or lower depending on the embedding site's own defences. Sites with HttpOnly session cookies, strict Content-Security-Policy, and authentication flows isolated from the consent experience origin reduce the surface a payload can reach. Sites with permissive CSP, JavaScript-readable session tokens, or same-origin OIDC/social-login flows expose more. Operators should assess the score against their own environment.

A successful exploit gives the attacker arbitrary JavaScript execution in the embedding site's origin, with the same authority as the site's own scripts. The payload can read and modify any data the page can access, issue requests on behalf of the visitor, and render content that appears to come from the site itself. The actual consequences on a given deployment depend on what the embedding origin holds and what other defences (CSP, cookie flags, origin isolation) are in place.

The cookie-based persistence variant raises the impact ceiling, since a single click can convert into a payload that fires on every subsequent banner render across the apex and all subdomains until the visitor clears their cookies.

Untrusted input is rendered as active markup in a victim's browser, which can run script in their session. Typical impact: session or credential theft, and actions taken as the user.

Kodem intelligence

This vulnerability has been patched in Fides OSS version 2.84.5, specifically ethyca/fides-privacy-center:2.84.5 Users are advised to upgrade to this version or later to secure their systems against these threats.

Fides Enterprise (fidesplus) version 2.84.6 contains the same patch.

1. What is CVE-2026-44541? CVE-2026-44541 is a high-severity cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in ethyca-fides (pip), affecting versions >= 2.33.0, < 2.84.5. It is fixed in 2.84.5. Untrusted input is rendered as active markup in a victim's browser, which can run script in their session.
2. Which versions of ethyca-fides are affected by CVE-2026-44541? ethyca-fides (pip) versions >= 2.33.0, < 2.84.5 is affected.
3. Is there a fix for CVE-2026-44541? Yes. CVE-2026-44541 is fixed in 2.84.5. Upgrade to this version or later.
4. Is CVE-2026-44541 exploitable, and should I be worried? Whether CVE-2026-44541 is exploitable in your environment depends on whether the vulnerable code is present and reachable. A CVSS score is a worst-case rating; it does not account for your specific deployment, configuration, or usage patterns. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to show which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so you can focus on the ones that represent real risk. Get a demo
5. What actually determines whether CVE-2026-44541 is exploitable, and how bad it is? Exploitability and impact are not fixed properties of a CVE. They depend on runtime truth: whether the vulnerable code is present, reachable, and actually executes in your application. A high CVSS score on a dependency that never runs is not the same as real risk. Kodem, an Intelligent Application Security platform, uses runtime intelligence to reveal which vulnerabilities actually execute in production, so teams prioritize the ones that genuinely matter.
6. How do I fix CVE-2026-44541? Upgrade ethyca-fides to 2.84.5 or later.